Cytopathology Features in Benign Non-Neoplastic Breast Lesions

 

 

Uploaded: 2007-08-12,  Updated: 2007-08-12

 

Benign Ductal Cells
 
  • High cohesive, uniform small cells in two-dimensional flat honeycomb sheets;
  • Cytoplasm usually delicate and scant without secretory mucin vacuoles;
  • Round to oval nuclei, <2 RBCs, with smooth nuclear membrane and fine, even chromatin;
  • Nucleolus, inconspicuous and single;
  • Few single benign cells may be present with intact cytoplasm;
  • Mild to moderate atypia may be present within limits in benign proliferative conditions.
Myoepithelial Cells: Naked Bipolar Nuclei
 
  • Oval to elongated nuclei with smooth outlines, about the size of one RBC;
  • Chromatin is fine, even and hyperchromatic without nucleoli;
  • Naked epithelial nuclei: larger and rounder;
  • Naked stromal nuclei: larger and more spindle, may have nucleoli.
Apocrine Cells
 
  • Cohesive, regular flat sheets. Occasional papillary groups.
  • Benign single cells are common;
  • Abundant, dense and finely granular cytoplasm with distinct cell border. Blue-gray to purple in Diff-Quick and blue to bright orange in Pap;
  • Fairly uniform eccentric nuclei with smooth nuclear membrane;
  • Finely granular and evenly dispersed chromatin with one single round prominent nucleoli;
  • Benign apocrine cells may show markedly atypia that mimic malignant cells. However, they are rare with a spectrum from benign to the most atypical apocrine cells in a reactive background.
Acute Infection or Abscess
 
  • Acute inflammation, debris, granulation tissue, macrophage or multinucleated giant cells, and fat necrosis;
  • Epithelial and stromal cells may display reactive atypia.
Fat Necrosis
 
  • Large, foamy macrophages, multinucleated giant cells,  blood pigment;
  • Acute or chronic inflammation, granuloma tissue and fibrotic tissue;
  • Reactive macrophage and fibroblasts may show high atypia
Epithelial Hyperplasia / Proliferation of Intraductal Epithelium / Papillomatosis
 
  • Many mild to moderate crowded cohesive sheets;
  • Relatively uniform epithelial cells with benign features;
  • Presence of myoepithelial cells
Adenosis
 
  • Crowded multilayered glands or microacini formed by small ductal cells;
  • Naked bipolar nuclei.

 

Reference

 
  • The art and science of cytopathology. Richard M Demay, MD. 1996

  Summarized by Zenggang Pan, MD, PhD